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Report; A Metric of Global Maritime Supply Chain Disruptions
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099746107032431443/pdf/IDU19447dab513757140b1193cd19643f0ab7c10.pdf
In recent years, containerized trade, the backbone of global value chains, has experienced unprecedented disruptions. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic created unforeseen consequences in a far-ranging array of sectors on a global scale, triggering an unprecedented supply chain crisis from late 2020 to mid-2022. Surging trade demand surpassed shipping capacity, itself affected by massive operational disruptions in key ports. In 2023, there were two events of global relevance. First, a severe drought affected the operation of the locks in the Panama Canal, resulting in a reduction in throughput and restricting the size of vessels able to transit the canal. Later in the year, militant groups carried out attacks in the Red Sea, forcing shipping lines to reroute ships servicing the Asia-Europe and Asia-US East Coast trade routes through the Cape of Good Hope.
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099746107032431443/pdf/IDU19447dab513757140b1193cd19643f0ab7c10.pdf
In recent years, containerized trade, the backbone of global value chains, has experienced unprecedented disruptions. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic created unforeseen consequences in a far-ranging array of sectors on a global scale, triggering an unprecedented supply chain crisis from late 2020 to mid-2022. Surging trade demand surpassed shipping capacity, itself affected by massive operational disruptions in key ports. In 2023, there were two events of global relevance. First, a severe drought affected the operation of the locks in the Panama Canal, resulting in a reduction in throughput and restricting the size of vessels able to transit the canal. Later in the year, militant groups carried out attacks in the Red Sea, forcing shipping lines to reroute ships servicing the Asia-Europe and Asia-US East Coast trade routes through the Cape of Good Hope.
Article; How Finance Structures Global Value Chains
https://lpeproject.org/blog/how-finance-structures-global-value-chains/
The Law-in-Global-Value-Chains perspective adopted in the Research Manifesto and introduced the initial blog of this series is based on the recognition that law is endogenous to the production, circulation, accumulation and destruction of value. Whether we are talking about labor, nature, capital or any of the other ‘cheap things’ that are central to the construction of the global system of production, the Manifesto suggests that law has a lot to do with the way in which that ‘thing’ becomes cheap and value is extracted from it.
https://lpeproject.org/blog/how-finance-structures-global-value-chains/
The Law-in-Global-Value-Chains perspective adopted in the Research Manifesto and introduced the initial blog of this series is based on the recognition that law is endogenous to the production, circulation, accumulation and destruction of value. Whether we are talking about labor, nature, capital or any of the other ‘cheap things’ that are central to the construction of the global system of production, the Manifesto suggests that law has a lot to do with the way in which that ‘thing’ becomes cheap and value is extracted from it.
PDF: Towards more accurate and policy relevant footprint analyses
http://resources.trase.earth/documents/Godar%20et%20al.%20(2015)%20Ecological%20Economics.pdf
The consumption of internationally traded goods causes multiple socio-environmental impacts. Current methods linking production impacts to final consumption typically trace the origin of products back to the country level, lacking fine-scale spatial resolution. This hampers accurate calculation of trade and consumption footprints, masking and distorting the causal links between consumers' choices and their environmental impacts, especially in countries with large spatial variability in socio-environmental conditions and production impacts. Here we present the SEI-PCS model (Spatially Explicit Information on Production to Consumption Systems), which allows for fine-scale sub-national assessments of the origin of, and socio-environmental impacts embedded in, traded commodities. The method connects detailed production data at sub-national scales (e.g., municipalities or provinces), information on domestic flows of goods and in international trade. The model permits the downscaling of country-to-country trade analyses based on either physical allocation from bilateral trade matrices or MRIO models. The importance of producing more spatially-explicit trade analyses is illustrated by identifying the municipalities of Brazil from which different countries source the Brazilian soy they consume. Applications for improving consumption accounting and policy assessment are discussed, including quantification of externalities of consumption, consumer labeling, trade leakages, sustainable resource supply and traceability
http://resources.trase.earth/documents/Godar%20et%20al.%20(2015)%20Ecological%20Economics.pdf
The consumption of internationally traded goods causes multiple socio-environmental impacts. Current methods linking production impacts to final consumption typically trace the origin of products back to the country level, lacking fine-scale spatial resolution. This hampers accurate calculation of trade and consumption footprints, masking and distorting the causal links between consumers' choices and their environmental impacts, especially in countries with large spatial variability in socio-environmental conditions and production impacts. Here we present the SEI-PCS model (Spatially Explicit Information on Production to Consumption Systems), which allows for fine-scale sub-national assessments of the origin of, and socio-environmental impacts embedded in, traded commodities. The method connects detailed production data at sub-national scales (e.g., municipalities or provinces), information on domestic flows of goods and in international trade. The model permits the downscaling of country-to-country trade analyses based on either physical allocation from bilateral trade matrices or MRIO models. The importance of producing more spatially-explicit trade analyses is illustrated by identifying the municipalities of Brazil from which different countries source the Brazilian soy they consume. Applications for improving consumption accounting and policy assessment are discussed, including quantification of externalities of consumption, consumer labeling, trade leakages, sustainable resource supply and traceability
PDF; Towards a Digital Product Passport Fit for Contributing to a Circular Economy
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2289
The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept of a policy instrument particularly pushed by policy circles to contribute to a circular economy. The preliminary design of the DPP is supposed to have product-related information compiled mainly by manufactures and, thus, to provide the basis for more circular products. Given the lack of scientific debate on the DPP, this study seeks to work out design options of the DPP and how these options might benefit stakeholders in a product’s value chain.
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2289
The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept of a policy instrument particularly pushed by policy circles to contribute to a circular economy. The preliminary design of the DPP is supposed to have product-related information compiled mainly by manufactures and, thus, to provide the basis for more circular products. Given the lack of scientific debate on the DPP, this study seeks to work out design options of the DPP and how these options might benefit stakeholders in a product’s value chain.
Climate and Community Project
https://www.climateandcommunity.org/
The Climate and Community Project (CCP) is a progressive climate policy think tank developing cutting-edge research at the climate and inequality nexus.
https://www.climateandcommunity.org/
The Climate and Community Project (CCP) is a progressive climate policy think tank developing cutting-edge research at the climate and inequality nexus.
PDF: the EJAtlas, Mapping the frontiers and front lines of global environmental justice
https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/jpe/article/1932/galley/2191/view/
This article highlights the need for collaborative research on ecological conflicts within a global perspective. As the social metabolism of our industrial economy increases, intensifying extractive activities and the production of waste, the related social and environmental impacts generate conflicts and resistance across the world. This expansion of global capitalism leads to greater disconnection between the diverse geographies of injustice along commodity chains. Yet, at the same time, through the globalization of governance processes and Environmental Justice (EJ) movements, local political ecologies are becoming increasingly transnational and interconnected.
https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/jpe/article/1932/galley/2191/view/
This article highlights the need for collaborative research on ecological conflicts within a global perspective. As the social metabolism of our industrial economy increases, intensifying extractive activities and the production of waste, the related social and environmental impacts generate conflicts and resistance across the world. This expansion of global capitalism leads to greater disconnection between the diverse geographies of injustice along commodity chains. Yet, at the same time, through the globalization of governance processes and Environmental Justice (EJ) movements, local political ecologies are becoming increasingly transnational and interconnected.
Tim Bartley, Personal website
https://sites.google.com/site/tbsoc2/
Scholar:
Environment and Sustainability
Labor and Human Rights
Political Sociology
Organizations
Economic Sociology
Global Production Networks
Transnational Governance
https://sites.google.com/site/tbsoc2/
Scholar:
Environment and Sustainability
Labor and Human Rights
Political Sociology
Organizations
Economic Sociology
Global Production Networks
Transnational Governance
Rules Without Rights: Land, Labor, and Private Authority in the Global Economy
https://books.google.nl/books?id=P49HDwAAQBAJ
Activists have exposed startling forms of labor exploitation and environmental degradation in global industries, leading many large retailers and brands to adopt standards for fairness and sustainability. This book is about the idea that transnational corporations can push these rules through their global supply chains, and in effect, pull factories, forests, and farms out of their local contexts and up to global best practices. For many scholars and practitioners, this kind of private regulation and global standard-setting can provide an alternative to regulation by territorially bound, gridlocked, or incapacitated nation states, potentially improving environments and working conditions around the world and protecting the rights of exploited workers, impoverished farmers, and marginalized communities. But can private, voluntary rules actually create meaningful forms of regulation? Are forests and factories around the world being made into sustainable ecosystems and decent workplaces? Can global norms remake local orders? This book provides striking new answers by comparing the private regulation of land and labor in democratic and authoritarian settings. Case studies of sustainable forestry and fair labor standards in Indonesia and China show not only how transnational standards are implemented “on the ground” but also how they are constrained and reconfigured by domestic governance. Combining rich multi-method analyses, a powerful comparative approach, and a new theory of private regulation, this book reveals the contours and contradictions of transnational governance.
https://books.google.nl/books?id=P49HDwAAQBAJ
Activists have exposed startling forms of labor exploitation and environmental degradation in global industries, leading many large retailers and brands to adopt standards for fairness and sustainability. This book is about the idea that transnational corporations can push these rules through their global supply chains, and in effect, pull factories, forests, and farms out of their local contexts and up to global best practices. For many scholars and practitioners, this kind of private regulation and global standard-setting can provide an alternative to regulation by territorially bound, gridlocked, or incapacitated nation states, potentially improving environments and working conditions around the world and protecting the rights of exploited workers, impoverished farmers, and marginalized communities. But can private, voluntary rules actually create meaningful forms of regulation? Are forests and factories around the world being made into sustainable ecosystems and decent workplaces? Can global norms remake local orders? This book provides striking new answers by comparing the private regulation of land and labor in democratic and authoritarian settings. Case studies of sustainable forestry and fair labor standards in Indonesia and China show not only how transnational standards are implemented “on the ground” but also how they are constrained and reconfigured by domestic governance. Combining rich multi-method analyses, a powerful comparative approach, and a new theory of private regulation, this book reveals the contours and contradictions of transnational governance.
Article, A global-scale data set of mining areas
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00624-w
The area used for mineral extraction is a key indicator for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the extractive sector. To date, worldwide data products on mineral extraction do not report the area used by mining activities. In this paper, we contribute to filling this gap by presenting a new data set of mining extents derived by visual interpretation of satellite images. We delineated mining areas within a 10?km buffer from the approximate geographical coordinates of more than six thousand active mining sites across the globe. The result is a global-scale data set consisting of 21,060 polygons that add up to 57,277?km2. The polygons cover all mining above-ground features that could be identified from the satellite images, including open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, water ponds, and processing infrastructure.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00624-w
The area used for mineral extraction is a key indicator for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the extractive sector. To date, worldwide data products on mineral extraction do not report the area used by mining activities. In this paper, we contribute to filling this gap by presenting a new data set of mining extents derived by visual interpretation of satellite images. We delineated mining areas within a 10?km buffer from the approximate geographical coordinates of more than six thousand active mining sites across the globe. The result is a global-scale data set consisting of 21,060 polygons that add up to 57,277?km2. The polygons cover all mining above-ground features that could be identified from the satellite images, including open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, water ponds, and processing infrastructure.
Article, A data-sharing approach for supply chain visibility
https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/a-data-sharing-approach-for-greater-supply-chain-visibility/
Amid the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, geopolitical tensions in East Asia, and more frequent extreme weather events, manufacturing supply chains continue to struggle in bringing goods when and where they are needed. These disruptions have affected all aspects of end-to-end supply chains, producing demand shifts, supply and manufacturing capacity reductions, and coordination failures. Prior to 2020, most supply chain designs lacked the resilience needed to cope with these disruptions, and, in response, companies have tried to diversify their sourcing and increase inventories and manufacturing capacity, all of which have led to increased cost. Now more than ever, companies need a new paradigm for cost-competitive resilience if they are to redesign supply chains while maintaining their competitive advantages. Firms are increasingly turning toward better contingency planning, improving organizational readiness and worker flexibility, automation, and building more collaborative relationships with suppliers to improve supply chain resilience.
https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/a-data-sharing-approach-for-greater-supply-chain-visibility/
Amid the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, geopolitical tensions in East Asia, and more frequent extreme weather events, manufacturing supply chains continue to struggle in bringing goods when and where they are needed. These disruptions have affected all aspects of end-to-end supply chains, producing demand shifts, supply and manufacturing capacity reductions, and coordination failures. Prior to 2020, most supply chain designs lacked the resilience needed to cope with these disruptions, and, in response, companies have tried to diversify their sourcing and increase inventories and manufacturing capacity, all of which have led to increased cost. Now more than ever, companies need a new paradigm for cost-competitive resilience if they are to redesign supply chains while maintaining their competitive advantages. Firms are increasingly turning toward better contingency planning, improving organizational readiness and worker flexibility, automation, and building more collaborative relationships with suppliers to improve supply chain resilience.
Article, Six ways to improve global supply chains
https://www.brookings.edu/research/six-ways-to-improve-global-supply-chains/
In this paper, I outline six ways to improve global supply chains: Boosting domestic production through on-shoring and near-shoring
Easing transportation jams
Prioritizing public health
Managing labor shortages
Fighting anti-competitive practices
Mitigating geopolitical tensions
https://www.brookings.edu/research/six-ways-to-improve-global-supply-chains/
In this paper, I outline six ways to improve global supply chains: Boosting domestic production through on-shoring and near-shoring
Easing transportation jams
Prioritizing public health
Managing labor shortages
Fighting anti-competitive practices
Mitigating geopolitical tensions
Researching Supply Chains
https://libguides.rutgers.edu/supply_chain
Guide to approaches and secondary resources for researching supply chains from Rutger University Library
https://libguides.rutgers.edu/supply_chain
Guide to approaches and secondary resources for researching supply chains from Rutger University Library
Paper, Revealing and concealing power in the sustainable tea
supply chain
https://research-api.cbs.dk/ws/files/69553351/matthew_archer_et_al_its_up_to_the_market_to_decide_publishersversion.pdf
In 2007, Unilever, the world’s largest tea company, announced plans to source its entire tea supply sustainably, beginning with the certification of its tea producers in East Africa to Rainforest Alliance standards. As a major buyer of Kenyan tea, Unilever’s decision pushed tea producers across Kenya to subscribe to Rainforest Alliance’s sustainable agriculture standard in order to maintain access to the global tea market; according to a 2018 report, over 85% of Kenya’s tea producers were Rainforest Alliance certified. Drawing on ethnographic material among supply chain actors across different sites along the sustainable tea value chain (from those designing and disseminating standards to tea traders to smallholder tea farmers), this article examines how these actors frequently attributed the power to determine the outcomes of certification to a faceless ‘market’. Deferring to ‘the market’, we observe, served primarily to mask theoutsized power of lead firms (in particular Unilever) to determine conditions of tea production and trade. At the same time, ‘the market’ was also in some cases qualified by our interlocutors, allowing them implicitly (and at times explicitly) to reveal power and give it a face.
https://research-api.cbs.dk/ws/files/69553351/matthew_archer_et_al_its_up_to_the_market_to_decide_publishersversion.pdf
In 2007, Unilever, the world’s largest tea company, announced plans to source its entire tea supply sustainably, beginning with the certification of its tea producers in East Africa to Rainforest Alliance standards. As a major buyer of Kenyan tea, Unilever’s decision pushed tea producers across Kenya to subscribe to Rainforest Alliance’s sustainable agriculture standard in order to maintain access to the global tea market; according to a 2018 report, over 85% of Kenya’s tea producers were Rainforest Alliance certified. Drawing on ethnographic material among supply chain actors across different sites along the sustainable tea value chain (from those designing and disseminating standards to tea traders to smallholder tea farmers), this article examines how these actors frequently attributed the power to determine the outcomes of certification to a faceless ‘market’. Deferring to ‘the market’, we observe, served primarily to mask theoutsized power of lead firms (in particular Unilever) to determine conditions of tea production and trade. At the same time, ‘the market’ was also in some cases qualified by our interlocutors, allowing them implicitly (and at times explicitly) to reveal power and give it a face.
Implementing Quality and Traceability Initiatives among Smallholder Tea Producers in Southern India
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242185436_Implementing_Quality_and_Traceability_Initiatives_among_Smallholder_Tea_Producers_in_Southern_India
Tea production in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India is undergoing considerable change. The fall in global tea prices since 1998 has had devastating impacts in the Nilgiris, where the majority of tea is produced by peasant farmers on landholdings of less than one hectare. Prices paid for smallholder tea have declined by 47% against an average national decline of only 26% since 1998.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242185436_Implementing_Quality_and_Traceability_Initiatives_among_Smallholder_Tea_Producers_in_Southern_India
Tea production in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India is undergoing considerable change. The fall in global tea prices since 1998 has had devastating impacts in the Nilgiris, where the majority of tea is produced by peasant farmers on landholdings of less than one hectare. Prices paid for smallholder tea have declined by 47% against an average national decline of only 26% since 1998.
Beware, your imagination leaves digital traces
http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/P-129-THES-GB.pdf
Traceability in Bruno Latour
http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/P-129-THES-GB.pdf
Traceability in Bruno Latour
Report, Food Barons 2022
https://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files/files/food-barons-2022-full_sectors-final_16_sept.pdf
It’s time to divest from the Industrial Food Chain. Institutions under pressure from civil soci- ety have already succeeded in partly directing funds away from tobacco, arms and fossil fuels on moral grounds. Grassroots climate movements have successfully named fossil fuel compa- nies as the obstruction to meaningful climate action. Food movements should follow suit: it is a logical next step to demand the elimination of all financial support to the Industrial Food Chain, exposing its high degree of transnational corporate control and its multiple abuses.
https://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files/files/food-barons-2022-full_sectors-final_16_sept.pdf
It’s time to divest from the Industrial Food Chain. Institutions under pressure from civil soci- ety have already succeeded in partly directing funds away from tobacco, arms and fossil fuels on moral grounds. Grassroots climate movements have successfully named fossil fuel compa- nies as the obstruction to meaningful climate action. Food movements should follow suit: it is a logical next step to demand the elimination of all financial support to the Industrial Food Chain, exposing its high degree of transnational corporate control and its multiple abuses.
Website, Hamish van der Ven
https://hamishvanderven.com/research/
My research examines the role of businesses, NGOs, and standard setters in solving transboundary environmental challenges. This research program is inherently interdisciplinary and seeks to put elements of political science, environmental studies and business/management in conversation. In the absence of comprehensive state-led solutions, a host of innovative transnational governance initiatives have emerged that use market forces to address environmental problems. The rise of these new forms of governance raises a number of questions. Under what conditions are they likely to be effective? How do they interact with the traditional authority of governments and international organizations? And what negative externalities do the create? I address these questions across a number of related projects, reviewed below.
https://hamishvanderven.com/research/
My research examines the role of businesses, NGOs, and standard setters in solving transboundary environmental challenges. This research program is inherently interdisciplinary and seeks to put elements of political science, environmental studies and business/management in conversation. In the absence of comprehensive state-led solutions, a host of innovative transnational governance initiatives have emerged that use market forces to address environmental problems. The rise of these new forms of governance raises a number of questions. Under what conditions are they likely to be effective? How do they interact with the traditional authority of governments and international organizations? And what negative externalities do the create? I address these questions across a number of related projects, reviewed below.
Paper: Consumer Trust in Social Responsibility Communications: The Role of Supply Chain Visibility
https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=93602407200008800112210310508706701100504501002909101709901009212709700612601000700704504804005402604600008008701506702912101603001709208301610712606508101010306409102107302412709300409110910912307801309
Consumers are becoming more knowledgeable about companies’ social responsibility (SR) practices. As a result, they are increasingly skeptical when companies do not provide clear information about these practices. One way to overcome this skepticism is to strengthen consumer trust through improved supply chain trans- parency. To create transparency requires a company to both gain visibility into its supply chain and disclose information to consumers. However, the current SR literature has only focused on the effect of disclosure on consumer trust, while the effect of visibility on trust in SR communications is not well understood.
https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=93602407200008800112210310508706701100504501002909101709901009212709700612601000700704504804005402604600008008701506702912101603001709208301610712606508101010306409102107302412709300409110910912307801309
Consumers are becoming more knowledgeable about companies’ social responsibility (SR) practices. As a result, they are increasingly skeptical when companies do not provide clear information about these practices. One way to overcome this skepticism is to strengthen consumer trust through improved supply chain trans- parency. To create transparency requires a company to both gain visibility into its supply chain and disclose information to consumers. However, the current SR literature has only focused on the effect of disclosure on consumer trust, while the effect of visibility on trust in SR communications is not well understood.
Supply Chain Transparency Explained
https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/supply-chain-transparency-explained
https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/supply-chain-transparency-explained
According to Alexis Bateman, research scientist and director of MIT Sustainable Supply Chains at the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics, there are two elements to supply chain transparency:
Visibility: Accurately identifying and collecting data from all links in your supply chain.
Disclosure: Communicating that information, both internally and externally, at the level of detail required or desired.
What kind of data and in how much detail? That can depend on the business you’re in. And how much disclosure? That can depend on your corporate culture and corporate values. Beyond what’s strictly required by regulation, then, supply chain transparency means different things to different companies.
“It’s unrealistic to expect that supply chain players can collect all information all the time,” said Bateman. One grocery store chain that specializes in organic and sustainable food may go to lengths to identify, and disclose, great detail in its supply chain. Another chain, one that focuses on the lowest prices, may not want or need as much detail or disclosure. Then again, if bad news strikes — like E. coli being found in lettuce — both chains had better be able to pinpoint their supply sources well enough to be able to pull the contaminated produce.
Paper: Supply Chains and the Human Condition
https://www.sv.uio.no/sai/english/research/projects/anthropos-and-the-material/Intranet/economic-practices/reading-group/texts/tsing-supply-chains-and-the-human-condition.pdf
This article theorizes supply chain capitalism as a model for understanding both the continent-crossing scale and the constitutive diversity of contemporary global capitalism. In contrast with theories of growing capitalist homogeneity, the analysis points to the structural role of difference in the mobilization of capital, labor, and resources. Here labor mobilization in supply chains is the focus, as it depends on the performance of gender, ethnicity, nationality, religion, and citizenship status. The article uses the concept of figuration to show how difference is mobilized within supply chains, and to point to the importance of tropes of management, consumption, and entrepreneurship in workers’ understandings of supply chain labor. These tropes make supply chains possible by bringing together self-exploitation and superexploitation. Diversity is thus structurally central to global capitalism, and not decoration on a common core.
https://www.sv.uio.no/sai/english/research/projects/anthropos-and-the-material/Intranet/economic-practices/reading-group/texts/tsing-supply-chains-and-the-human-condition.pdf
This article theorizes supply chain capitalism as a model for understanding both the continent-crossing scale and the constitutive diversity of contemporary global capitalism. In contrast with theories of growing capitalist homogeneity, the analysis points to the structural role of difference in the mobilization of capital, labor, and resources. Here labor mobilization in supply chains is the focus, as it depends on the performance of gender, ethnicity, nationality, religion, and citizenship status. The article uses the concept of figuration to show how difference is mobilized within supply chains, and to point to the importance of tropes of management, consumption, and entrepreneurship in workers’ understandings of supply chain labor. These tropes make supply chains possible by bringing together self-exploitation and superexploitation. Diversity is thus structurally central to global capitalism, and not decoration on a common core.
Supply Chain in Google Datasets
https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/search?src=3&query=supply%20chain
https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/search?src=3&query=supply%20chain
Digital Transformation Is Changing Supply Chain Relationships
https://hbr.org/2022/07/digital-transformation-is-changing-supply-chain-relationships
One supply chain process that requires such interactions is collaborative forecasting informed by machine-learning-based algorithms, which use real-time information on buying patterns to identify new parameters that affect demand. To fully exploit these insights, companies need deeper interactions with upstream suppliers and customers downstream.
https://hbr.org/2022/07/digital-transformation-is-changing-supply-chain-relationships
One supply chain process that requires such interactions is collaborative forecasting informed by machine-learning-based algorithms, which use real-time information on buying patterns to identify new parameters that affect demand. To fully exploit these insights, companies need deeper interactions with upstream suppliers and customers downstream.
A Comparison of Supply Chain Tracking Tools for Tropical Forest Commodities in Brazil
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/documents/Supply_Chain_Tracking_Tools.pdf
Robust, functional, affordable and scalable commodity supply chain tracking systems are essential to reducing deforestation resulting from the production of tropical forest commodities. In Brazil, monitoring tools are becoming increasingly important to private sector efforts aiming to reduce and eliminate the risk of deforestation from tropical forest commodity supply chains. This report provides a comprehensive comparison of supply chain tracking tools for tropical forest commodities, specifically cattle, soy and timber, currently being used in Brazil. In addition to detailing the objectives, methodologies, scope and cost1 of each tool, the report also describes the advantages and challenges of each system, and concludes with a comprehensive comparison. This report will inform private sector entities, other supply chain actors and consumers about the various supply chain monitoring tools available to help reduce and eliminate deforestation from tropical forest commodity production, and serve as a guide to help companies identify the most suitable tools to increase supply chain transparency and traceability.
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/documents/Supply_Chain_Tracking_Tools.pdf
Robust, functional, affordable and scalable commodity supply chain tracking systems are essential to reducing deforestation resulting from the production of tropical forest commodities. In Brazil, monitoring tools are becoming increasingly important to private sector efforts aiming to reduce and eliminate the risk of deforestation from tropical forest commodity supply chains. This report provides a comprehensive comparison of supply chain tracking tools for tropical forest commodities, specifically cattle, soy and timber, currently being used in Brazil. In addition to detailing the objectives, methodologies, scope and cost1 of each tool, the report also describes the advantages and challenges of each system, and concludes with a comprehensive comparison. This report will inform private sector entities, other supply chain actors and consumers about the various supply chain monitoring tools available to help reduce and eliminate deforestation from tropical forest commodity production, and serve as a guide to help companies identify the most suitable tools to increase supply chain transparency and traceability.
Article: Digital extraction: Blockchain traceability in mineral supply chains
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096262982100041X?via%3Dihub
Digital data — including technologically-mediated data generated by blockchain-enabled traceability — is performing an increasingly integral role in extractive operations, but scarce attention has been paid to the structuring effect of these digital technologies or the socio-economic spatiality of data-driven mining operations. Drawing on extensive qualitative research (interviews, participant observation, and two sets of survey data among actors relevant to these mineral supply chains), this article advances the notion of “digital extraction” to describe the collection, analysis, and instrumentalization of digital data generated under the banner of blockchain-based due diligence, chain of custody certifications, and various transparency mechanisms, situated alongside and in support of mineral extraction.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096262982100041X?via%3Dihub
Digital data — including technologically-mediated data generated by blockchain-enabled traceability — is performing an increasingly integral role in extractive operations, but scarce attention has been paid to the structuring effect of these digital technologies or the socio-economic spatiality of data-driven mining operations. Drawing on extensive qualitative research (interviews, participant observation, and two sets of survey data among actors relevant to these mineral supply chains), this article advances the notion of “digital extraction” to describe the collection, analysis, and instrumentalization of digital data generated under the banner of blockchain-based due diligence, chain of custody certifications, and various transparency mechanisms, situated alongside and in support of mineral extraction.
Article: Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains?
https://bostonreview.net/forum/can-global-brands-create-just-supply-chains-richard-locke/
I began studying Nike because I was impressed with its commitment to labor standards. After several years of effort, with many conversations and visits to corporate headquarters, I convinced the company to share its factory audit reports and facilitate visits to its suppliers. Eventually my case study evolved into a full-fledged research project involving the collection, coding, and analysis of thousands of factory audit reports; more than 700 interviews with company managers, factory directors, NGO representatives, and government labor inspectors; and field research in 120 factories in fourteen different countries. What began as a study of one company (Nike) in a particular industry (athletic footwear) grew to include several global corporations competing in different industries, with different supply chain dynamics, operating across numerous national boundaries.
https://bostonreview.net/forum/can-global-brands-create-just-supply-chains-richard-locke/
I began studying Nike because I was impressed with its commitment to labor standards. After several years of effort, with many conversations and visits to corporate headquarters, I convinced the company to share its factory audit reports and facilitate visits to its suppliers. Eventually my case study evolved into a full-fledged research project involving the collection, coding, and analysis of thousands of factory audit reports; more than 700 interviews with company managers, factory directors, NGO representatives, and government labor inspectors; and field research in 120 factories in fourteen different countries. What began as a study of one company (Nike) in a particular industry (athletic footwear) grew to include several global corporations competing in different industries, with different supply chain dynamics, operating across numerous national boundaries.
Article: After Free Trade
https://bostonreview.net/articles/after-free-trade/
The Suez Canal cut the time it took to travel from London to Mumbai in half; Panama did the same for travel times in the Americas. Complex global commodity chains emerged for the first time. Their network structure was amazingly hierarchical: by the end of the nineteenth century, every part of the world was connected to Europe, if not necessarily to adjacent countries or even neighboring provinces. In the Western Hemisphere, the only international rail links were in North America; they were meant to carry lumber, grain, and hides out of Canada and silver, gold, copper, and nickel from Mexico in exchange for finished goods from the United States.
https://bostonreview.net/articles/after-free-trade/
The Suez Canal cut the time it took to travel from London to Mumbai in half; Panama did the same for travel times in the Americas. Complex global commodity chains emerged for the first time. Their network structure was amazingly hierarchical: by the end of the nineteenth century, every part of the world was connected to Europe, if not necessarily to adjacent countries or even neighboring provinces. In the Western Hemisphere, the only international rail links were in North America; they were meant to carry lumber, grain, and hides out of Canada and silver, gold, copper, and nickel from Mexico in exchange for finished goods from the United States.
Defining polycrisis – from crisis pictures to the crisis matrix
https://adamtooze.com/2022/06/24/chartbook-130-defining-polycrisis-from-crisis-pictures-to-the-crisis-matrix/
Polycrisis, where the whole is even more dangerous than the sum of the parts.
https://adamtooze.com/2022/06/24/chartbook-130-defining-polycrisis-from-crisis-pictures-to-the-crisis-matrix/
Polycrisis, where the whole is even more dangerous than the sum of the parts.
Yossi Sheffi, Homepage
https://sheffi.mit.edu/
Author 7 books on Supply Chain, Logistics, Risk Analysis, & System Optimization
https://sheffi.mit.edu/
Author 7 books on Supply Chain, Logistics, Risk Analysis, & System Optimization
Digital supply chain model in Industry 4.0
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jose-Luis-Flores/publication/338553270_Digital_supply_chain_model_in_Industry_40/links/5e1dfb5aa6fdcc904f703c2b/Digital-supply-chain-model-in-Industry-40.pdf?origin=publication_detail
The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model that defines the essential components shaping the new Digital Supply Chains (DSCs) through the implementation and acceleration of Industry 4.0.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jose-Luis-Flores/publication/338553270_Digital_supply_chain_model_in_Industry_40/links/5e1dfb5aa6fdcc904f703c2b/Digital-supply-chain-model-in-Industry-40.pdf?origin=publication_detail
The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model that defines the essential components shaping the new Digital Supply Chains (DSCs) through the implementation and acceleration of Industry 4.0.
Supply Chain Evolution – Theory, Concepts and Science
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60767/1/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_qlfd7_Desktop_Supply%20Chain%20Evolution.pdf
The supply chain landscape is changing. New supply chains emerge and evolve for a variety of reasons. In this paper we examine the nature of new and changing supply chains and their influences, and address the broad question “What makes a supply chain like it is?”. The paper highlights and develops key aspects, concepts, and principal themes concerning the emergence and evolution of supply chains over their life cycle. We identify six factors that interact and may affect a supply chain over its life cycle. A number of emergent themes and propositions on factors affecting a supply chain’s characteristics over its life cycle are presented. We argue that a new science is needed to investigate and understand the supply chain life cycle. Supply chains are essential to the world economy and to modern life. Understanding the supply chain life cycle and how supply chains may evolve provides fresh perspectives on contemporary supply chain management. The paper presents detailed reflections from leading researchers on emerging, evolving and mature supply chains.
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60767/1/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_qlfd7_Desktop_Supply%20Chain%20Evolution.pdf
The supply chain landscape is changing. New supply chains emerge and evolve for a variety of reasons. In this paper we examine the nature of new and changing supply chains and their influences, and address the broad question “What makes a supply chain like it is?”. The paper highlights and develops key aspects, concepts, and principal themes concerning the emergence and evolution of supply chains over their life cycle. We identify six factors that interact and may affect a supply chain over its life cycle. A number of emergent themes and propositions on factors affecting a supply chain’s characteristics over its life cycle are presented. We argue that a new science is needed to investigate and understand the supply chain life cycle. Supply chains are essential to the world economy and to modern life. Understanding the supply chain life cycle and how supply chains may evolve provides fresh perspectives on contemporary supply chain management. The paper presents detailed reflections from leading researchers on emerging, evolving and mature supply chains.
Supply Chain Digital Twins: Opportunities and Challenges Beyond the Hype
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/237399347.pdf
This paper discusses the application of digital twin concepts, prevalent in the factory unit operations environment, to the supply chain context. While the concept of digital twin is relatively recent in the manufacturing context, its application has now emerged within a wider supply chain context. It is unclear in this broader application what might the benefits of such an approach be in terms of operational control, replicability and efficiency.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/237399347.pdf
This paper discusses the application of digital twin concepts, prevalent in the factory unit operations environment, to the supply chain context. While the concept of digital twin is relatively recent in the manufacturing context, its application has now emerged within a wider supply chain context. It is unclear in this broader application what might the benefits of such an approach be in terms of operational control, replicability and efficiency.
Book: Value Chains, The New Economic Imperialism
https://monthlyreview.org/product/value-chains/
Value Chains uncovers the concrete processes through which multinational corporations, located primarily in the Global North, capture value from the Global South. We are brought face to face with various state-of-the-art corporate strategies that enforce “economical” and “flexible” production, including labor management methods, aimed to reassert the imperial dominance of the North, while continuing the dependency of the Global South and polarizing the global economy. Case studies of Indonesian suppliers exemplify the growing burden borne by the workers of the Global South, whose labor creates the surplus value that enriches the capitalists of the North, as well as the secondary capitals of the South. Today, those who control the value chains and siphon off the profits are primarily financial interests with vast economic and political power—the power that must be broken if the global working class is to liberate itself.
https://monthlyreview.org/product/value-chains/
Value Chains uncovers the concrete processes through which multinational corporations, located primarily in the Global North, capture value from the Global South. We are brought face to face with various state-of-the-art corporate strategies that enforce “economical” and “flexible” production, including labor management methods, aimed to reassert the imperial dominance of the North, while continuing the dependency of the Global South and polarizing the global economy. Case studies of Indonesian suppliers exemplify the growing burden borne by the workers of the Global South, whose labor creates the surplus value that enriches the capitalists of the North, as well as the secondary capitals of the South. Today, those who control the value chains and siphon off the profits are primarily financial interests with vast economic and political power—the power that must be broken if the global working class is to liberate itself.
Article: Infrastructure and Logistics
https://www.societyandspace.org/topics/infrastructure-and-logistics
Foregrounds the built systems or networks that coordinate the circulation of things, people, money, and data into integrated wholes. Provides an analytical framework for critically interrogating the relation between built networks and their spatial mobilities, including attention to their institutional dimensions, political economies, and forms of life that interact with and reshape their geographies.
https://www.societyandspace.org/topics/infrastructure-and-logistics
Foregrounds the built systems or networks that coordinate the circulation of things, people, money, and data into integrated wholes. Provides an analytical framework for critically interrogating the relation between built networks and their spatial mobilities, including attention to their institutional dimensions, political economies, and forms of life that interact with and reshape their geographies.
Sinews of War and Trade
http://sinewswartrade.com/
Maritime transport statistics can be mind-boggling: estimated seaborne trade in 2015 –the most recent year recorded by UNCTAD– exceeded 10 billion tonnes. Upwards of 90 percent of world’s goods travel by ship. Of the world’s cargo aboard ships, some 40 percent was loaded in Asia. Oil transport accounts for nearly a third of world maritime trade. Some 346 billion cubic metres of natural gas was transported by ship worldwide. The global commercial fleet consisted of nearly 91,000 vessels in 2015. While bulk carriers and tankers account for 43 and 28 percent of the world’s fleet, containerships, only 13.5 percent of the world’s fleet, probably carry the largest percentage of the goods by value.
http://sinewswartrade.com/
Maritime transport statistics can be mind-boggling: estimated seaborne trade in 2015 –the most recent year recorded by UNCTAD– exceeded 10 billion tonnes. Upwards of 90 percent of world’s goods travel by ship. Of the world’s cargo aboard ships, some 40 percent was loaded in Asia. Oil transport accounts for nearly a third of world maritime trade. Some 346 billion cubic metres of natural gas was transported by ship worldwide. The global commercial fleet consisted of nearly 91,000 vessels in 2015. While bulk carriers and tankers account for 43 and 28 percent of the world’s fleet, containerships, only 13.5 percent of the world’s fleet, probably carry the largest percentage of the goods by value.
The seafood supply chain from a fraudulent perspective
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-018-0826-z
Seafood is one commodity which has endured extensive fraudulent activity owing to its increasing consumer demand, resource limitations, high value and complex supply chains. It is essential that these fraudulent opportunities are revealed, the risk is evaluated and countermeasures for mitigation are assigned. This can be achieved through mapping of the seafood supply chains and identifying the vulnerability analysis critical control points (VACCP), which can be exposed, infiltrated and exploited for fraudulent activity. This research systematically maps the seafood supply chain for three key commodities: finfish, shellfish and crustaceans in the United Kingdom. Each chain is comprised of multiple stakeholders across numerous countries producing a diverse range of products distributed globally.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-018-0826-z
Seafood is one commodity which has endured extensive fraudulent activity owing to its increasing consumer demand, resource limitations, high value and complex supply chains. It is essential that these fraudulent opportunities are revealed, the risk is evaluated and countermeasures for mitigation are assigned. This can be achieved through mapping of the seafood supply chains and identifying the vulnerability analysis critical control points (VACCP), which can be exposed, infiltrated and exploited for fraudulent activity. This research systematically maps the seafood supply chain for three key commodities: finfish, shellfish and crustaceans in the United Kingdom. Each chain is comprised of multiple stakeholders across numerous countries producing a diverse range of products distributed globally.
Data Set—Real-World Multiechelon Supply Chains Used for Inventory Optimization 2
https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/msom.1070.0176/suppl_file/msom.1070.0176-sm-data_set.pdf
Appendix to dataset
https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/msom.1070.0176/suppl_file/msom.1070.0176-sm-data_set.pdf
Appendix to dataset
Data Set—Real-World Multiechelon Supply Chains Used for Inventory Optimization 1
https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/msom.1070.0176
Suppy chain dataset from 2007.
https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/msom.1070.0176
Suppy chain dataset from 2007.
Cabinet Magazine Special issue on Logistics (2012)
https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/47/index.php
Early example of Supply Studies
https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/47/index.php
Early example of Supply Studies
A seafood risk tool for chemical and pathogen hazards in the aquaculture supply chain
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00465-3#MOESM1
The Seafood Risk Tool (SRT) described here allows detailed profiling of the uncontrolled and controlled impact of these diverse hazards at six key phases in the seafood supply chain. When applied to specific national or subnational aquaculture scenarios (for example, for production of a given species from a defined location, with products destined for designated markets and end uses), the SRT can perform a critical function for national governments by supporting conditions for high animal health status and conditions for trade and safe consumption—core components of the One Health approach to aquaculture and integral within strategies aiming to nourish nations with "blue foods"
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00465-3#MOESM1
The Seafood Risk Tool (SRT) described here allows detailed profiling of the uncontrolled and controlled impact of these diverse hazards at six key phases in the seafood supply chain. When applied to specific national or subnational aquaculture scenarios (for example, for production of a given species from a defined location, with products destined for designated markets and end uses), the SRT can perform a critical function for national governments by supporting conditions for high animal health status and conditions for trade and safe consumption—core components of the One Health approach to aquaculture and integral within strategies aiming to nourish nations with "blue foods"
Traceability as an integral part of supply chain logistics management: an analytical review
https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06358
Purpose: Supply chain has become very complex today. There are multiple stakeholders at various points. All these stakeholders need to collaborate with each other in multiple directions for its effective and efficient management. The manufacturers need proper information and data about the product location, its processing history, raw materials, etc at each point so as to control the production process. Companies need to develop global and effective strategies to sustain in the competitive market. Logistics helps companies to implement the effectiveness across the business supply chain from source to destination to achieve their strategic goals. Traceability has become one of the integrated parts of the supply chain logistics management that track and trace the product's information in upstream and downstream at each point. All the stakeholders in the supply chain have different objectives to implement the traceability solution that depends on their role (e.g. manufacturers, distributers or wholesalers have their own role). The information generated and needed from all these actors are also different and are to be shared among all to run the supply chain smoothly. But the stakeholders don't want to share all the information with other stake holders which is a major challenge to be addressed in current traceability solutions. The purpose of this research is to conduct thorough study of the literatures available on the traceability solutions, finding the gaps and recommending our views to enhance the collaborations among the stakeholders in every point of the business supply
https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06358
Purpose: Supply chain has become very complex today. There are multiple stakeholders at various points. All these stakeholders need to collaborate with each other in multiple directions for its effective and efficient management. The manufacturers need proper information and data about the product location, its processing history, raw materials, etc at each point so as to control the production process. Companies need to develop global and effective strategies to sustain in the competitive market. Logistics helps companies to implement the effectiveness across the business supply chain from source to destination to achieve their strategic goals. Traceability has become one of the integrated parts of the supply chain logistics management that track and trace the product's information in upstream and downstream at each point. All the stakeholders in the supply chain have different objectives to implement the traceability solution that depends on their role (e.g. manufacturers, distributers or wholesalers have their own role). The information generated and needed from all these actors are also different and are to be shared among all to run the supply chain smoothly. But the stakeholders don't want to share all the information with other stake holders which is a major challenge to be addressed in current traceability solutions. The purpose of this research is to conduct thorough study of the literatures available on the traceability solutions, finding the gaps and recommending our views to enhance the collaborations among the stakeholders in every point of the business supply
Supply Studies Syllabus
https://supplystudies.com/syllabus/
The calamitous reach of the global commodity chain stands as a monument to modernity’s practice of production. As contemporary critiques consider its mounting intractability, they reveal the worldwide pattern of logistical machinery given by the media forms and historic technologies that govern its flow. In their conceptual simplicity and historical transigence lies an opportunity for transformation, for innovation, and for interruption. While the vocabulary it draws on might seem familiar, the language of logistics is not fixed. It must be made–and so can be re-made–by the tools and techniques assembled every day in service to supply.
https://supplystudies.com/syllabus/
The calamitous reach of the global commodity chain stands as a monument to modernity’s practice of production. As contemporary critiques consider its mounting intractability, they reveal the worldwide pattern of logistical machinery given by the media forms and historic technologies that govern its flow. In their conceptual simplicity and historical transigence lies an opportunity for transformation, for innovation, and for interruption. While the vocabulary it draws on might seem familiar, the language of logistics is not fixed. It must be made–and so can be re-made–by the tools and techniques assembled every day in service to supply.
Raodsides journal 7: #Logistics
https://roadsides.net/collection-no-007/
With this issue of Roadsides, we will take a closer look at the various disappearing acts and occasional spectacles of logistics. Typically, logistics figures only as a secondary dimension of infrastructure in its mundane register as “the study of boring things” (Star 1999). As a managerial science for designing the operative logics of “flow” through various infrastructures (e.g., trade, migration, data), logistics also appears as the handmaiden to the distinct movements it mediates. For instance, until recently, the logistics of commodity flows have been largely understudied in the social science of market economies, as most studies have focused either on production or consumption as an organizing economic trope. Similarly, research investigating the flows of migration or data infrastructures tend to sideline logistics as something not worthy of serious analysis, if they recognize it at all.
https://roadsides.net/collection-no-007/
With this issue of Roadsides, we will take a closer look at the various disappearing acts and occasional spectacles of logistics. Typically, logistics figures only as a secondary dimension of infrastructure in its mundane register as “the study of boring things” (Star 1999). As a managerial science for designing the operative logics of “flow” through various infrastructures (e.g., trade, migration, data), logistics also appears as the handmaiden to the distinct movements it mediates. For instance, until recently, the logistics of commodity flows have been largely understudied in the social science of market economies, as most studies have focused either on production or consumption as an organizing economic trope. Similarly, research investigating the flows of migration or data infrastructures tend to sideline logistics as something not worthy of serious analysis, if they recognize it at all.